April 2026
Q1. MARPOL is considered as one of
the most flexible and efficient international environmental treaties currently
in force. The adoption of a new amendment is enumerated in Article 16 of the MARPOL.
This article establishes multiple ways for amending the convention, depending
on what part of MARPOL is being amended. Kindly discuss the various ways in
which the MARPOL convention may be amended. (16)
2026/APR/Q1
Q2. a) Discuss the application of
formal safety assessment in carriage of lithium battery in vehicles, containers
and in RO-RO ships. (10)
b) State various measures that are
required to be taken by stakeholders to address the safety challenges in the
carriage of such cargoes onboard ships. (6)
[2025/AUG/Q3. 2026/FEB/Q3. 2026/APR/Q2]
Q3. A. What are the principles of
modern salvage law? (5)
B. What is general average? Explain
the following in reference to the general average: (3)
i. Entitlement
ii. Artificial
iii. Adjustment
iv. Contestation
2012/MAR. 2016/APR. 2017/FEB.
2017/DEC. 2018/APR. 2019/NOV. 2024/JUN/Q8. 2018/JULY. 2021/FEB/Q6. 2019/JUN.
2021/JUL/Q9. 2019/SEP. 2022/FEB/Q4
Q4. A VLCC suffered hull damage
following a tank explosion and sank after a few days while undergoing salvage
operations in the territorial sea of a coastal state.
Discuss ship-owner's protections
with reference to:
(a) marine insurance and (b)
liabilities under international conventions. (16)
2026/APR/Q4
Q5. With reference to biofouling of
ships hull:
a) Discuss consequences of
biofouling on the ship performance and the environment. (4)
b) What are the new approaches to
reduce biofouling. (4)
c) How ship specific Bio Fouling
Management Plan can minimize biofouling. (4)
d) State the entries in Bio fouling
Record Book. (4)
2026/APR/Q5
Q6. a) Control of disease vectors is
necessary for maintenance of health on board ships. Elucidate the role of the
World Health Organization to ensure health safety at sea. (5)
b) Which are the national agencies
tasked with the enforcement of the health protocols and regulations, ensuring
the safety of seafarers and compliance of the ship with international safety
standards? Briefly explain the procedure followed by in India. (5)
c) What are the different
certifications issued to a vessel for maintenance of the ship in good health?
(5) d) Name the competent authority in India for inspection and issuance of
certificates to a ship. What is the validity of these certificates? Are there
provisions for extension of such certificates beyond the date of expiry? (5)
2026/APR/Q6
Q7. Explain the provisions under
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that mandates the
following from each member States:
a) States must "maintain a
register of ships" flying their flag. (5) b) Control safety, pollution and
social aspects of ships. (5)
c) Analyze the legislative and
constitutional mechanisms adopted by India to implement the provisions of the
UNCLOS in respect to the obligations referred in (a) and (b) above, since its
ratification. (6)
[2017/FEB. 2019/JUN. 2022/MAR/1.
2017/DEC 2019/SEP. 2018/APR 2019/NOV.
2018/JUL 2020/JAN . 2026/APR/Q7. ]
Q8. a) State the applicable
regulation of SOLAS and MARPOL under which it is mandatory for a flag state to conduct an investigation into any incidence of maritime
casualty. (5)
b) Illustrate the salient points of
casualty investigation code and the recommended practices for a safety
investigation into a marine casualty or marine incident. (7)
c) What do you understand by the
term 'very serious marine casualty'? (4)
2013/FEB. 2016/JUL. 2018/DEC.
2014/SEP. 2016/DEC. 2023/JAN/Q7. 2014/DEC. 2017/JAN 2024/AUG/Q3. 2026/APR/Q8.
Q9. a) How is Human Element issue
addressed in STCW Code? (6)
b) Critically examine the impact of
fatigue on seafarer performance. Identify the measures adopted by the IMO in
this regard. What measures can a shipping company implement to mitigate these
risks in compliance with international regulations? (10)
2015/JUN 2017/MAR